The resulting intensity distribution is called a diffraction pattern. This diffraction phenomenon occurs because of interference (see Laser Light Characteristics on coherence for details) between different portions of the wavefront. Since light is an electromagnetic wave, its wavefront is altered much like a water wave encountering an obstruction. You may also find the following Physics calculators useful.When light encounters an obstacle such as an opaque screen with a small opening (or aperture), the intensity distribution behind the screen can look much different than the shape of the aperture that it passed through. Image Formation in Plane and Curved Mirrors
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